The immediate backdrop is the ongoing Israeli siege and closure of Gaza that followed Hamas’s large-scale attack on October 7, 2023; Israel responded with sustained air and ground operations and then imposed restrictions on crossings and fuel deliveries into the territory, creating acute shortages of diesel and spare parts for hospital generators.
Those access restrictions have been reinforced intermittently since 2007, and humanitarian agencies repeatedly warned that Gaza’s hospitals would not be able to operate long without steady fuel supplies and functioning power infrastructure.