Immediate backdrop: an active Middle East war that began in March 2026 after the United States and Israel launched coordinated strikes on Iranian nuclear and military infrastructure; those strikes and subsequent Iranian military responses have disrupted global markets and sharpened scrutiny of corporate risk management since March 2026.
Structural roots include EU and Spanish labor and data regimes that govern platform work and moderation: the EU General Data Protection Regulation took effect on May 25, 2018, and Directive (EU) 2019/1152 on transparent working conditions was adopted June 20, 2019; Spain’s principal labor code reforms dating to the February 10, 2012 labor reform shaped hiring and dismissal rules.